See plugъ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pluh",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plug",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pluh",
"word": "плуг"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "plugŭ",
"word": "плугъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "plug",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "plug",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "plug"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pluh"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "pług"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "plaug"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pług"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "pluh"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "pług"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "plug"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "plug"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "plug"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*plōg",
"t": "plough, plow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *plōg (“plough, plow”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plūgas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plūgas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Proto-West Germanic *plōg (“plough, plow”). Parallel borrowing with Lithuanian plūgas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plùgъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
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},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
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},
{
"form": "plùgъ",
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plùgъ",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/plugъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plough"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "ard plough",
"translation": "ard plough",
"word": "*ordlo"
},
{
"english": "stick plough",
"translation": "stick plough",
"word": "*soxa"
}
],
"id": "en-plugъ-sla-pro-noun-ho6Cm9mP",
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to drag",
"tags": [
"Czech"
],
"translation": "to drag",
"word": "ploužit se"
},
{
"english": "to plough",
"tags": [
"Polish"
],
"translation": "to plough",
"word": "płużyć"
},
{
"english": "to drag",
"translation": "to drag",
"word": "⇒ *plužiti"
},
{
"english": "groove, trail",
"translation": "groove, trail",
"word": "pluga"
},
{
"english": "rugged soil",
"translation": "rugged soil",
"word": "plugovina"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "plugъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pluh",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plug",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pluh",
"word": "плуг"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "plugŭ",
"word": "плугъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "plug",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "plug",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "плуг"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "plug"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pluh"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "pług"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "plaug"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pług"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "pluh"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "pług"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "plug"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "plug"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "plug"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*plōg",
"t": "plough, plow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *plōg (“plough, plow”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plūgas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plūgas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Proto-West Germanic *plōg (“plough, plow”). Parallel borrowing with Lithuanian plūgas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plùgъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plùgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plùže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plùdzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plùgъ",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/plugъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to drag",
"tags": [
"Czech"
],
"translation": "to drag",
"word": "ploužit se"
},
{
"english": "to plough",
"tags": [
"Polish"
],
"translation": "to plough",
"word": "płużyć"
},
{
"english": "to drag",
"translation": "to drag",
"word": "⇒ *plužiti"
},
{
"english": "groove, trail",
"translation": "groove, trail",
"word": "pluga"
},
{
"english": "rugged soil",
"translation": "rugged soil",
"word": "plugovina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Proto-West Germanic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"sla-pro:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"plough"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "ard plough",
"translation": "ard plough",
"word": "*ordlo"
},
{
"english": "stick plough",
"translation": "stick plough",
"word": "*soxa"
}
],
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "plugъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plugъ meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.